TipThePlanet - Recent changes [en]

Wind power for on-site electricity generation

Mercurybird1969 — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 23:13:43 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 8 September 2010
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-	The installation of a wind turbine provides an opportunity for any organisation with a relatively high electricity demand and a good wind resource to reduce their electricity costs. Businesses may also consider using electricity from an on-site wind turbine in order to create, or affirm, a 'green image'.	+	The installation of a wind turbine provides an opportunity for any organisation with a relatively high electricity demand and a good wind resource to reduce their electricity costs. Businesses may also consider using electricity from an on-site wind turbine in order to create, or affirm, a 'green image http://www.Hurricanewindpower.com is a great site to get a start with wind power

User:Mercurybird1969

Mercurybird1969 — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 22:58:13 GMT

New user account

User:Quicksilver

Quicksilver — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:06:06 GMT

New user account

File:ATM with various function.jpg

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 16:30:31 GMT

uploaded "[[File:ATM with various function.jpg]]"

ATM Machine

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 16:29:07 GMT

Alternative uses:

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 8 September 2010
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	[[File:Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|Two NCR Personas 84 ATMs at a bank in Jersey dispensing two types of pound sterling banknotes: Bank of England notes, and States of Jersey notes\|right]]		[[File:Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|Two NCR Personas 84 ATMs at a bank in Jersey dispensing two types of pound sterling banknotes: Bank of England notes, and States of Jersey notes\|right]]
	Although ATMs were originally developed as just cash dispensers, they have evolved to include many other bank-related functions. In some countries, especially those which benefit from a fully integrated cross-bank ATM network (e.g.: Multibanco in Portugal), ATMs include many functions which are not directly related to the management of one's own bank account, such as:		Although ATMs were originally developed as just cash dispensers, they have evolved to include many other bank-related functions. In some countries, especially those which benefit from a fully integrated cross-bank ATM network (e.g.: Multibanco in Portugal), ATMs include many functions which are not directly related to the management of one's own bank account, such as:
		+
		+	* Deposit currency recognition, acceptance, and recycling
		+
		+	* Paying routine bills, fees, and taxes (utilities, phone bills, social security, legal fees, taxes, etc.)
		+
		+	* Printing bank statements
		+
		+	* Updating passbooks
		+
		+	* Loading monetary value into stored value cards
		+
		+	* Purchasing
		+	** Postage stamps.
		+	** Lottery tickets
		+	** Train tickets
		+	** Concert tickets
		+	** Movie tickets
		+	** Shopping mall gift certificates.
		+
		+	* Games and promotional features
		+
		+	* Donating to charities
		+
		+	* Cheque Processing Module
		+
		+	* Adding pre-paid cell phone / mobile phone credit.
		+
		+	* Paying (in full or partially) the credit balance on a card linked to a specific current account.
		+
		+	Increasingly banks are seeking to use the ATM as a sales device to deliver pre approved loans and targeted advertising using products such as ITM (the Intelligent Teller Machine) from CR2 or Aptra Relate from NCR. ATMs can also act as an advertising channel for companies to advertise their own products or third-party products and services.
		+
		+	In Canada, ATMs are called guichets automatiques in French and sometimes "Bank Machines" in English. The Interac shared cash network does not allow for the selling of goods from ATMs due to specific security requirements for PIN entry when buying goods. CIBC machines in Canada, are able to top-up the minutes on certain pay as you go phones.
		+	[[File:ATM_with_various_function.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|A South Korean ATM with mobile bank port and bar code reader\|right]]
		+	Manufacturers have demonstrated and have deployed several different technologies on ATMs that have not yet reached worldwide acceptance, such as:
		+
		+	* Biometrics, where authorization of transactions is based on the scanning of a customer's fingerprint, iris, face, etc. Biometrics on ATMs can be found in Asia.
		+
		+	* Cheque/Cash Acceptance, where the ATM accepts and recognise cheques and/or currency without using envelopes Expected to grow in importance in the US through Check 21 legislation.
		+
		+	* Bar code scanning
		+
		+	* On-demand printing of "items of value" (such as movie tickets, traveler's cheques, etc.)
		+
		+	* Dispensing additional media (such as phone cards)
		+
		+	* Co-ordination of ATMs with mobile phones
		+
		+	* Customer-specific advertising
		+
		+	* Integration with non-banking equipment
		+
		+	==Reliability==

File:Dual currency cash machines in Jersey.jpg

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 16:15:43 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Dual currency cash machines in Jersey.jpg]]"

ATM Machine

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 16:02:25 GMT

Security:

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:02, 8 September 2010
Line 182:		Line 182:

	==Security==		==Security==
		+
		+	[[File:SOS-ATM.jpg\|220 px\|thumbnail\|A Triton brand ATM with a dip style card reader and a triple DES keypad\|right]]
		+
		+	[[File:Procash_stolen.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|A Wincor Nixdorf Procash 2100xe Frontload that was opened with an angle grinder\|right]]
		+
		+	Security, as it relates to ATMs, has several dimensions. ATMs also provide a practical demonstration of a number of security systems and concepts operating together and how various security concerns are dealt with.
		+
		+	===Physical===
		+
		+	Early ATM security focused on making the ATMs invulnerable to physical attack; they were effectively safes with dispenser mechanisms. A number of attacks on ATMs resulted, with thieves attempting to steal entire ATMs by ram-raiding. Since late 1990s, criminal groups operating in Japan improved ram-raiding by stealing and using a truck loaded with a heavy construction machinery to effectively demolish or uproot an entire ATM and any housing to steal its cash.
		+
		+	Another attack method, plofkraak, is to seal all openings of the ATM with silicone and fill the vault with a combustible gas or to place an explosive inside, attached, or near the ATM. This gas or explosive is ignited and the vault is opened or distorted by the force of the resulting explosion and the criminals can break in.
		+
		+	Modern ATM physical security, per other modern money-handling security, concentrates on denying the use of the money inside the machine to a thief, by means of techniques such as dye markers and smoke canisters.
		+
		+	A common method is to simply rob the staff filling the machine with money. To avoid this, the schedule for filling them is kept secret, varying and random. The money is often kept in cassettes, which will dye the money if incorrectly opened.
		+
		+	===Transactional secrecy and integrity===
		+
		+	The security of ATM transactions relies mostly on the integrity of the secure cryptoprocessor: the ATM often uses commodity components that are not considered to be "trusted systems".
		+
		+	Encryption of personal information, required by law in many jurisdictions, is used to prevent fraud. Sensitive data in ATM transactions are usually encrypted with DES, but transaction processors now usually require the use of Triple DES. Remote Key Loading techniques may be used to ensure the secrecy of the initialization of the encryption keys in the ATM. Message Authentication Code (MAC) or Partial MAC may also be used to ensure messages have not been tampered with while in transit between the ATM and the financial network.
		+
		+	===Customer identity integrity===
		+	[[File:Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|A BTMU ATM with a palm scanner (to the right of the screen)\|right]]
		+	There have also been a number of incidents of fraud by Man-in-the-middle attacks, where criminals have attached fake keypads or card readers to existing machines. These have then been used to record customers' PINs and bank card information in order to gain unauthorized access to their accounts. Various ATM manufacturers have put in place countermeasures to protect the equipment they manufacture from these threats.
		+
		+	Alternate methods to verify cardholder identities have been tested and deployed in some countries, such as finger and palm vein patterns, iris, and facial recognition technologies. However, recently, cheaper mass production equipment has been developed and is being installed in machines globally that detect the presence of foreign objects on the front of ATMs, current tests have shown 99% detection success for all types of skimming devices.
		+
		+	===Device operation integrity===
		+
		+	[[File:Worn_ATM.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|right]]
		+
		+	Openings on the customer-side of ATMs are often covered by mechanical shutters to prevent tampering with the mechanisms when they are not in use. Alarm sensors are placed inside the ATM and in ATM servicing areas to alert their operators when doors have been opened by unauthorized personnel.
		+
		+	Rules are usually set by the government or ATM operating body that dictate what happens when integrity systems fail. Depending on the jurisdiction, a bank may or may not be liable when an attempt is made to dispense a customer's money from an ATM and the money either gets outside of the ATM's vault, or was exposed in a non-secure fashion, or they are unable to determine the state of the money after a failed transaction. Bank customers often complain that banks have made it difficult to recover money lost in this way, but this is often complicated by the bank's own internal policies regarding suspicious activities typical of the criminal element.
		+
		+	===Customer security===
		+
		+	[[File:ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|Dunbar Armored ATM Techs watching over ATMs that have been installed in a van.\|right]]
		+
		+	In some countries, multiple security cameras and security guards are a common feature. In the United States, The New York State Comptroller's Office has criticized the New York State Department of Banking for not following through on safety inspections of ATMs in high crime areas.
		+
		+	Critics of ATM operators assert that the issue of customer security appears to have been abandoned by the banking industry; it has been suggested that efforts are now more concentrated on deterrent legislation than on solving the problem of forced withdrawals.
		+
		+	At least as far back as July 30, 1986, critics of the industry have called for the adoption of an emergency PIN system for ATMs, where the user is able to send a silent alarm in response to a threat. Legislative efforts to require an emergency PIN system have appeared in Illinois, Kansas and Georgia, but none have succeeded as of yet. In January 2009, Senate Bill 1355 was proposed in the Illinois Senate that revisits the issue of the reverse emergency PIN system. The bill is again resisted by the banking lobby and supported by the police. In 1998 three towns outside of Cleveland Ohio, in response to an ATM crime wave, adopted ATM Consumer Security Legislation requiring that a 9-1-1 switch be installed at all outside ATMs within their jurisdiction. Since the passing of these laws 11 years ago, there have been no repeat crimes. In the wake of an ATM Murder in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania, The City Council of Sharon Hill passed an ATM Consumer Security Bill as well, with the same result. As of July 2009, ATM Consumer Security Legislation is currently pending in New York, New Jersey, and Washington D.C. In China, many efforts to promote security have been made. On-premises ATMs are often located inside the bank's lobby which may be accessible 24 hours a day. These lobbies have extensive CCTV coverage, an emergency telephone and a security guard on the premises. Bank lobbies that aren't guarded 24 hours a day may also have secure doors that can only be opened from outside by swiping your bank card against a wall-mounted scanner, allowing the bank to identify who enters the building. Most ATMs will also display on-screen safety warnings and may also be fitted with convex mirrors above the display allowing the user to see what is happening behind them.
		+
		+	===Alternative uses===
		+	[[File:Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|Two NCR Personas 84 ATMs at a bank in Jersey dispensing two types of pound sterling banknotes: Bank of England notes, and States of Jersey notes\|right]]
		+	Although ATMs were originally developed as just cash dispensers, they have evolved to include many other bank-related functions. In some countries, especially those which benefit from a fully integrated cross-bank ATM network (e.g.: Multibanco in Portugal), ATMs include many functions which are not directly related to the management of one's own bank account, such as:

File:Atm os2warp.jpg

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:43:51 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Atm os2warp.jpg]]"

ATM Machine

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:41:23 GMT

Software:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 8 September 2010
Line 160:		Line 160:

	==Software==		==Software==
		+
		+	[[File:Atm_os2warp.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|A Suncorp Metway ATM running OS/2\|right]]
		+
		+	[[File:Postomat-Windows.jpg\|thumbnail\|220 px\|A Wincor Nixdorf ATM running Windows 2000\|right]]
		+
		+	With the migration to commodity PC hardware, standard commercial "off-the-shelf" operating systems and programming environments can be used inside of ATMs. Typical platforms previously used in ATM development include RMX or OS/2. Today the vast majority of ATMs worldwide use a Microsoft OS, primarily Windows XP Professional or Windows XP Embedded. A small number of deployments may still be running older versions such as Windows NT, Windows CE or Windows 2000. Notably, Vista was not widely adopted in ATMs.
		+
		+	Linux is also finding some reception in the ATM marketplace. An example of this is Banrisul, the largest bank in the south of Brazil, which has replaced the MS-DOS operating systems in its ATMs with Linux. Banco do Brasil is also migrating ATMs to Linux.
		+
		+	Common application layer transaction protocols, such as Diebold 91x (911 or 912) and NCR NDC or NDC+ provide emulation of older generations of hardware on newer platforms with incremental extensions made over time to address new capabilities, although companies like NCR continuously improve these protocols issuing newer versions (e.g. NCR's AANDC v3.x.y, where x.y are subversions). Most major ATM manufacturers provide software packages that implement these protocols. Newer protocols such as IFX have yet to find wide acceptance by transaction processors.
		+
		+	With the move to a more standardized software base, financial institutions have been increasingly interested in the ability to pick and choose the application programs that drive their equipment. WOSA/XFS, now known as CEN XFS (or simply XFS), provides a common API for accessing and manipulating the various devices of an ATM. J/XFS is a Java implementation of the CEN XFS API.
		+
		+	While the perceived benefit of XFS is similar to the Java's "Write once, run anywhere" mantra, often different ATM hardware vendors have different interpretations of the XFS standard. The result of these differences in interpretation means that ATM applications typically use a middleware to even out the differences between various platforms.
		+
		+	With the onset of Windows operating systems and XFS on ATM's, the software applications have the ability to become more intelligent. This has created a new breed of ATM applications commonly referred to as programmable applications. These types of applications allows for an entirely new host of applications in which the ATM terminal can do more than only communicate with the ATM switch. It is now empowered to connected to other content servers and video banking systems.
		+
		+	Notable ATM software that operates on XFS platforms include Triton PRISM, Diebold Agilis EmPower, NCR APTRA Edge, CR2 BankWorld, KAL Kalignite, Phoenix Interactive VISTAatm, and Wincor Nixdorf ProTopas.
		+
		+	With the move of ATMs to industry-standard computing environments, concern has risen about the integrity of the ATM's software stack.
		+
		+	==Security==

File:Two Loomis Employees.jpg

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:34:53 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Two Loomis Employees.jpg]]"

ATM Machine

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:32:12 GMT

Hardware:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 8 September 2010
Line 112:		Line 112:

	==Hardware==		==Hardware==
		+
		+	[[File:Atm_blockdiagram.png\|220 px\|thumbnail\|A block diagram of an ATM\|right]]
		+
		+	[[File:Two_Loomis_Employees.jpg\|220 px\|thumbnail\|Two Loomis employees refilling an ATM at the Downtown Seattle REI.\|right]]
		+
		+	An ATM is typically made up of the following devices:
		+
		+	* CPU (to control the user interface and transaction devices)
		+
		+	* Magnetic and/or Chip card reader (to identify the customer)
		+
		+	* PIN Pad (similar in layout to a Touch tone or Calculator keypad), often manufactured as part of a secure enclosure.
		+
		+	* Secure cryptoprocessor, generally within a secure enclosure.
		+
		+	* Display (used by the customer for performing the transaction)
		+
		+	* Function key buttons (usually close to the display) or a Touchscreen (used to select the various aspects of the transaction)
		+
		+	* Record Printer (to provide the customer with a record of their transaction)
		+
		+	* Vault (to store the parts of the machinery requiring restricted access)
		+
		+	* Housing (for aesthetics and to attach signage to)
		+
		+	Recently, due to heavier computing demands and the falling price of computer-like architectures, ATMs have moved away from custom hardware architectures using microcontrollers and/or application-specific integrated circuits to adopting the hardware architecture of a personal computer, such as, USB connections for peripherals, ethernet and IP communications, and use personal computer operating systems. Although it is undoubtedly cheaper to use commercial off-the-shelf hardware, it does make ATMs potentially vulnerable to the same sort of problems exhibited by conventional computers.
		+
		+	Business owners often lease ATM terminals from ATM service providers.
		+
		+	The vault of an ATM is within the footprint of the device itself and is where items of value are kept. Scrip cash dispensers do not incorporate a vault.
		+
		+	Mechanisms found inside the vault may include:
		+
		+	* Dispensing mechanism (to provide cash or other items of value)
		+
		+	* Deposit mechanism including a Cheque Processing Module and Bulk Note Acceptor (to allow the customer to make deposits)
		+
		+	* Security sensors (Magnetic, Thermal, Seismic, gas)
		+
		+	* Locks: (to ensure controlled access to the contents of the vault)
		+
		+	* Journaling systems; many are electronic (a sealed flash memory device based on proprietary standards) or a solid-state device (an actual printer) which accrues all records of activity including access timestamps, number of bills dispensed, etc. - This is considered sensitive data and is secured in similar fashion to the cash as it is a similar liability.
		+
		+	ATM vaults are supplied by manufacturers in several grades. Factors influencing vault grade selection include cost, weight, regulatory requirements, ATM type, operator risk avoidance practices, and internal volume requirements. Industry standard vault configurations include Underwriters Laboratories UL-291 "Business Hours" and Level 1 Safes, RAL TL-30 derivatives, and CEN EN 1143-1:2005 - CEN III/VdS and CEN IV/LGAI/VdS.
		+
		+	ATM manufacturers recommend that vaults be attached to the floor to prevent theft.
		+
		+	==Software==

File:Prunes.jpg

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:29:53 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Prunes.jpg]]"

Prunes

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:26:20 GMT

Health Benefits Of Eating Prunes:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 8 September 2010
Line 29:		Line 29:
	* A high source of [[Iron]], prunes aid in the process of respiration at the cellular level, by synthesizing the oxygen carrier, hemoglobin.		* A high source of [[Iron]], prunes aid in the process of respiration at the cellular level, by synthesizing the oxygen carrier, hemoglobin.
	* The unique combination of low [[Sodium]] levels and high [[Potassium]] levels present in the fruit is essential to maintain normal blood pressure level and even lowers water retention in the body. Besides this, potassium also helps in the proper functioning of muscles and nerves.		* The unique combination of low [[Sodium]] levels and high [[Potassium]] levels present in the fruit is essential to maintain normal blood pressure level and even lowers water retention in the body. Besides this, potassium also helps in the proper functioning of muscles and nerves.
-	* Another mineral that prunes are rich in is [[Magnesium]]. The key functions of this [[~~Mineral~~]] are promoting relaxation (muscles, nerves and blood vessels), relieving muscle soreness, alleviating symptoms of [[Asthma]] and even migraine headaches.	+	* Another mineral that prunes are rich in is [[Magnesium]]. The key functions of this [[Minerals]] are promoting relaxation (muscles, nerves and blood vessels), relieving muscle soreness, alleviating symptoms of [[Asthma]] and even migraine headaches.
	* It is estimated that a single cup of prunes (174 g) contains around 0.5 mg of copper. Regular and proper intake of the fruit lowers the occurrence of inflammatory conditions like RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Also, the copper helps to uphold the elasticity of blood vessels, ligaments and joints.		* It is estimated that a single cup of prunes (174 g) contains around 0.5 mg of copper. Regular and proper intake of the fruit lowers the occurrence of inflammatory conditions like RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Also, the copper helps to uphold the elasticity of blood vessels, ligaments and joints.
	* Another trace mineral present in prunes is [[Manganese]]. This is an important co-factor in promoting a number of enzymatic actions in the body.		* Another trace mineral present in prunes is [[Manganese]]. This is an important co-factor in promoting a number of enzymatic actions in the body.
-	* Certain phenolic compounds are present in the fruit, like phytonutrients, chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid. These compounds act as antioxidants that remove harmful free radicals from the body.	+	* Certain phenolic compounds are present in the fruit, like phytonutrients, chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid. These compounds act as antioxidants that remove harmful free radicals from the body.

	=Caution=		=Caution=

ATM Machine

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:17:57 GMT

Global use:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:17, 8 September 2010
Line 90:		Line 90:

	==Global use==		==Global use==
		+
		+	There are no hard international or government-compiled numbers totaling the complete number of ATMs in use worldwide. Estimates developed by ATMIA place the number of ATMs in use currently at over 1.8 million.
		+
		+	For the purpose of analyzing ATM usage around the world, financial institutions generally divide the world into seven regions, due to the penetration rates, usage statistics, and features deployed. Four regions (USA, Canada, Europe, and Japan) have high numbers of ATMs per million people. and generally slowing growth rates. Despite the large number of ATMs, there is additional demand for machines in the Asia/Pacific area as well as in Latin America. ATMs have yet to reach high numbers in the Near East/Africa.
		+
		+	The world's most northerly installed ATM is located at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.
		+
		+	The world's most southerly installed ATM is located at McMurdo Station, Antarctica.
		+
		+	While India claims to have the world's highest installed ATM at Nathu La Pass, India installed by the Union Bank of India at 4310 meters, there are higher ATMs installed in Nagchu County, Tibet at 4500 meters by Agricultural Bank of China.
		+
		+	Israel claims to have the world's lowest installed ATM at Ein Bokek at the Dead Sea, installed independently by a grocery store at 421 meters below (Mediterranean) Sea level.
		+
		+	While ATMs are ubiquitous on modern cruise ships, ATMs can also be found on some US Navy ships.
		+
		+	In the United Kingdom, an ATM may be colloquially referred to as a "Cashpoint", named after the Lloyds Bank ATM brand, or "hole-in-the-wall", after which the equivalent Barclays brand was later named. In Scotland the term Cashline has become a generic term for an ATM, based on the branding from the Royal Bank of Scotland.
		+
		+	In the Republic of Ireland, ATMs are also commonly referred to as a "Banklink", named after the Allied Irish Bank brand of machines.
		+
		+	In Israel, ATMs are commonly referred to as "Kaspomat" (Hebrew: כספומט), which is a compound word meaning "automatic money" in Hebrew, named after the Bank Leumi & Israel Discount Bank brand of machines.
		+
		+	==Hardware==

File:Diebold 1063 ATM with modem.jpg

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:12:16 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Diebold 1063 ATM with modem.jpg]]"

Prunes

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:10:16 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 8 September 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~prune~~ popular name for a dried plum . Fruits of the many varieties of Prunus domestica, which are firm-fleshed and dry easily without removal of the stone, are gathered after falling from the tree, dipped in lye solution to prevent fermentation, dried in the sun or in kilns, and then "glossed" with a steam, glycerin, or fruit-juice bath to produce a sterile, glossy skin. Most of the commercial product comes from the Pacific coast states. A type of prune was used by Native Americans as a staple item of diet	+	[[image:prunes.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Prunes]]
		+
		+	Prune popular name for a dried plum . Fruits of the many varieties of Prunus domestica, which are firm-fleshed and dry easily without removal of the stone, are gathered after falling from the tree, dipped in lye solution to prevent fermentation, dried in the sun or in kilns, and then "glossed" with a steam, glycerin, or fruit-juice bath to produce a sterile, glossy skin. Most of the commercial product comes from the Pacific coast states. A type of prune was used by Native Americans as a staple item of diet

	=History=		=History=
Line 26:		Line 28:
	* The soluble dietary fiber of the fruit, on the other hand, promotes the maintenance of a healthy colon and is useful in certain conditions, like hemorrhoids, constipation, diverticular disorders and so on.		* The soluble dietary fiber of the fruit, on the other hand, promotes the maintenance of a healthy colon and is useful in certain conditions, like hemorrhoids, constipation, diverticular disorders and so on.
	* A high source of [[Iron]], prunes aid in the process of respiration at the cellular level, by synthesizing the oxygen carrier, hemoglobin.		* A high source of [[Iron]], prunes aid in the process of respiration at the cellular level, by synthesizing the oxygen carrier, hemoglobin.
-	* The unique combination of low ~~sodium~~ levels and high [[Potassium]] levels present in the fruit is essential to maintain normal blood pressure level and even lowers water retention in the body. Besides this, potassium also helps in the proper functioning of muscles and nerves.	+	* The unique combination of low [[Sodium]] levels and high [[Potassium]] levels present in the fruit is essential to maintain normal blood pressure level and even lowers water retention in the body. Besides this, potassium also helps in the proper functioning of muscles and nerves.
	* Another mineral that prunes are rich in is [[Magnesium]]. The key functions of this [[Mineral]] are promoting relaxation (muscles, nerves and blood vessels), relieving muscle soreness, alleviating symptoms of [[Asthma]] and even migraine headaches.		* Another mineral that prunes are rich in is [[Magnesium]]. The key functions of this [[Mineral]] are promoting relaxation (muscles, nerves and blood vessels), relieving muscle soreness, alleviating symptoms of [[Asthma]] and even migraine headaches.
	* It is estimated that a single cup of prunes (174 g) contains around 0.5 mg of copper. Regular and proper intake of the fruit lowers the occurrence of inflammatory conditions like RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Also, the copper helps to uphold the elasticity of blood vessels, ligaments and joints.		* It is estimated that a single cup of prunes (174 g) contains around 0.5 mg of copper. Regular and proper intake of the fruit lowers the occurrence of inflammatory conditions like RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Also, the copper helps to uphold the elasticity of blood vessels, ligaments and joints.
Line 42:		Line 44:
	* Prunes are used to make various types of desserts, tarts and other sweet dishes.		* Prunes are used to make various types of desserts, tarts and other sweet dishes.

-	Nutritive Values of Prunes : Per 100 gm.	+	=Nutritive Values of Prunes=
		+
		+	Per 100 gm.

	* [[Vitamin A]] : 1,890 I.U.		* [[Vitamin A]] : 1,890 I.U.
Line 57:		Line 61:
	* [[Protein]] : 2.3 gm.		* [[Protein]] : 2.3 gm.
	* [[Calories]] : 268		* [[Calories]] : 268
		+
		+	=See also=
		+
		+	[[Plum]]

ATM Machine

Heena — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:10:16 GMT

Financial networks:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 8 September 2010
Line 72:		Line 72:

	==Financial networks==		==Financial networks==
		+
		+	[[File:Geldautomaat.jpg\|220 px\|thumbnail\|An ATM in the Netherlands. The logos of a number of interbank networks this ATM is connected to are shown.\|right]]
		+
		+	[[File:Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg\|220 px\|thumbnail\|A Diebold 1063ix with a dial-up modem visible at the base\|right]]

	Most ATMs are connected to interbank networks, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their account or in the country where their accounts are held (enabling cash withdrawals in local currency). Some examples of interbank networks include PULSE, PLUS, Cirrus, Interac, Interswitch, STAR, and LINK.		Most ATMs are connected to interbank networks, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their account or in the country where their accounts are held (enabling cash withdrawals in local currency). Some examples of interbank networks include PULSE, PLUS, Cirrus, Interac, Interswitch, STAR, and LINK.
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	In addition to methods employed for transaction security and secrecy, all communications traffic between the ATM and the Transaction Processor may also be encrypted via methods such as SSL.		In addition to methods employed for transaction security and secrecy, all communications traffic between the ATM and the Transaction Processor may also be encrypted via methods such as SSL.
		+
		+	==Global use==

Prunes

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 14:23:48 GMT

Created page with 'prune popular name for a dried plum . Fruits of the many varieties of Prunus domestica, which are firm-fleshed and dry easily without removal of the stone, are gathered after...'

New page

prune popular name for a dried plum . Fruits of the many varieties of Prunus domestica, which are firm-fleshed and dry easily without removal of the stone, are gathered after falling from the tree, dipped in lye solution to prevent fermentation, dried in the sun or in kilns, and then "glossed" with a steam, glycerin, or fruit-juice bath to produce a sterile, glossy skin. Most of the commercial product comes from the Pacific coast states. A type of prune was used by Native Americans as a staple item of diet

=History=

Prunes come from the European plum, which can be dried whole. The plant is though to have originated in the Near East. It has been grown across Europe for centuries. It was brought to California by a Frenchman seeking gold.

=Growing and Harvesting=

Ordinarily, a prune tree starts to bear fruit four to six years after planting - and reaches its full production capacity sometime between its eighth and twelfth year in the ground. Trees will then continue to bear fruit for about 30 years.

The prune tree is deciduous and goes dormant during the winter months. At this time the grower will prune each tree to regulate shape, control fruit size, and maintain a healthy growth pattern.

Blossoming usually occurs in the second to third week of March. By mid-August, the orchards are ready for harvesting, which generally lasts about 30 days. The predeterminant of harvest time for prune plums is ripeness, in that they are one of the few fruits allowed to fully ripen before they are picked for processing. Fruit firmness and natural sugar content determine the picking date.

Most of the California prune production is harvested by machine. Immediately after harvesting, the ripe fruit is dehydrated to naturally preserve the fruit.

Since prunes store best when their moisture content has been reduced to about 21%, they are dehydrated to this degree immediately after picking. This is what is generally referred to as a natural condition prune. They then remain in cool storage until they are needed for further processing. Our plant operates 50 weeks per year.

The only preservative used in processing prunes is potassium sorbate (the potassium salt of sorbic acid), which is used to protect against mold and yeast spoilage.

=Health Benefits Of Eating Prunes =

* Prunes are high in vitamin A and beta-carotene (a natural antioxidant). These two [[Vitamins]] play a key role in maintaining healthy eye-sight and are also used to fight acne, resulting in a smooth radiant skin.
* The dietary fiber present in the fruit aids weight loss, as it produces a sense of fullness in the stomach.
* The insoluble dietary fiber in prunes contributes to the growth of certain useful [[Bacteria]] in the intestine. Hence, it is regarded as a natural probiotic.
* The soluble dietary fiber of the fruit, on the other hand, promotes the maintenance of a healthy colon and is useful in certain conditions, like hemorrhoids, constipation, diverticular disorders and so on.
* A high source of [[Iron]], prunes aid in the process of respiration at the cellular level, by synthesizing the oxygen carrier, hemoglobin.
* The unique combination of low sodium levels and high [[Potassium]] levels present in the fruit is essential to maintain normal blood pressure level and even lowers water retention in the body. Besides this, potassium also helps in the proper functioning of muscles and nerves.
* Another mineral that prunes are rich in is [[Magnesium]]. The key functions of this [[Mineral]] are promoting relaxation (muscles, nerves and blood vessels), relieving muscle soreness, alleviating symptoms of [[Asthma]] and even migraine headaches.
* It is estimated that a single cup of prunes (174 g) contains around 0.5 mg of copper. Regular and proper intake of the fruit lowers the occurrence of inflammatory conditions like RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Also, the copper helps to uphold the elasticity of blood vessels, ligaments and joints.
* Another trace mineral present in prunes is [[Manganese]]. This is an important co-factor in promoting a number of enzymatic actions in the body.
* Certain phenolic compounds are present in the fruit, like phytonutrients, chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid. These compounds act as antioxidants that remove harmful free radicals from the body.

=Caution=

* Strictly avoid the intake of prunes in case of untreated or existing kidney and gall bladder problems. The fruit contains certain amount of oxalates, which when too concentrated in body fluids can become crystallizes and cause health problems. Studies have indicated that oxalates interfere with the absorption of [[Calcium]] from the body.

=Cooking Tips=

* If the prunes are extremely dry, place them in a bowl of hot water for a few minutes. This will help refresh them up.
* To reduce the cooking time for prunes, soak them in [[Water]] or juice for some time. This will make them softer and it will be easier to cook them.
* Prunes are used to make various types of desserts, tarts and other sweet dishes.

Nutritive Values of Prunes : Per 100 gm.

* [[Vitamin A]] : 1,890 I.U.
* Vitamin B : Thiamine .10 mg.;
* Riboflavin : .16 mg.;
* Niacin : 1.7 mg.
* Vitamin C : 3 mg.
* [[Calcium]] : 11 mg.
* [[Iron]] : .7 mg.
* [[Phosphorus]] : 85 mg.
* [[Potassium]] : 810 mg.
* [[Fat]] : .6 gm.
* [[Carbohydrates]] : 71 gm.
* [[Protein]] : 2.3 gm.
* [[Calories]] : 268

Peach

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 13:01:23 GMT

Yellow fleshed peaches:

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 8 September 2010
(One intermediate revision not shown)
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	Although Thomas Jefferson had peach trees at Monticello, United States farmers did not begin commercial production until the nineteenth century in Maryland, Delaware, Georgia and finally Virginia. Although the Southern states lead in commercial production of peaches, they are also grown in California, Michigan, and Colorado.		Although Thomas Jefferson had peach trees at Monticello, United States farmers did not begin commercial production until the nineteenth century in Maryland, Delaware, Georgia and finally Virginia. Although the Southern states lead in commercial production of peaches, they are also grown in California, Michigan, and Colorado.

-	Today, peaches are the second largest commercial fruit crop in the States, second only to ~~apples~~. Italy, China and Greece are major producers of peaches outside of the United States.	+	Today, peaches are the second largest commercial fruit crop in the States, second only to [[Apple]]. Italy, China and Greece are major producers of peaches outside of the United States.

	=Types of Peaches=		=Types of Peaches=
Line 29:		Line 29:
	==Yellow fleshed peaches==		==Yellow fleshed peaches==

-	[[image:yellow peach.jpg\|right\|~~120px~~\|thumb\|Yellow ~~flesh~~ peaches]]	+	[[image:yellow peach.jpg\|right\|90px\|thumb\|Yellow peaches]]

	Most peaches in the U.S. are yellow-fleshed. They tend to have more of an acid tang than white-flesh peaches.		Most peaches in the U.S. are yellow-fleshed. They tend to have more of an acid tang than white-flesh peaches.
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	=Selecting=		=Selecting=

-	When selecting fresh peaches, look for ones that are soft to the touch, blemish free, and have a fragrant smell. Peaches that are mildly fragrant ripen into sweet and delicious flavors. Choose fruit that has a background color of yellow or cream and has a fresh looking appearance. Peaches may have some red "blush" depending on the variety, but this isn't a sign of how the fruit will taste after it's ripened. At home peaches can be ripened at room temperature in a brown paper bag in 2 to 3 days. Peaches are highly perishable, so don't buy more than you plan to use. When selecting can peaches, choose those labeled "packed in it's own juice" and "no added ~~sugar~~"; these are the healthier choices.	+	When selecting fresh peaches, look for ones that are soft to the touch, blemish free, and have a fragrant smell. Peaches that are mildly fragrant ripen into sweet and delicious flavors. Choose fruit that has a background color of yellow or cream and has a fresh looking appearance. Peaches may have some red "blush" depending on the variety, but this isn't a sign of how the fruit will taste after it's ripened. At home peaches can be ripened at room temperature in a brown paper bag in 2 to 3 days. Peaches are highly perishable, so don't buy more than you plan to use. When selecting can peaches, choose those labeled "packed in it's own juice" and "no added [[Sugar]]"; these are the healthier choices.

	=Storing=		=Storing=
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	Wash peaches carefully in cool soapy water, then rinse well before eating or using. If used in cooking they peel really fast if blanched in boiling water for a minute then plunged into ice water to cool. In fruit salads or platters, sprinkle cut peaches with lemon juice to help them keep their great color.		Wash peaches carefully in cool soapy water, then rinse well before eating or using. If used in cooking they peel really fast if blanched in boiling water for a minute then plunged into ice water to cool. In fruit salads or platters, sprinkle cut peaches with lemon juice to help them keep their great color.

-	Make Peaches Part of Your 5 A Day Plan	+	'''Make Peaches Part of Your 5 A Day Plan'''
-	Whether fresh, canned or frozen, peaches are nutritious: ~~fat~~ free, ~~cholesterol~~ free, ~~sodium~~ free, and high in ~~vitamins~~ A and C. One serving in your 5 a day plan is equal to one medium size fruit, 1/2 cup of cut up, canned, frozen or fresh fruit, or 6 oz of 100% peach juice. Peaches can be enjoyed in a variety of ways.	+
		+	Whether fresh, canned or frozen, peaches are nutritious: [[Fat]] free, [[Cholesterol]] free, [[Sodium]] free, and high in [[Vitamins]] A and C. One serving in your 5 a day plan is equal to one medium size fruit, 1/2 cup of cut up, canned, frozen or fresh fruit, or 6 oz of 100% peach juice. Peaches can be enjoyed in a variety of ways.

	* Slice peaches and add to your favorite cereal, or as a topper to pancakes or waffles.		* Slice peaches and add to your favorite cereal, or as a topper to pancakes or waffles.
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	* Take a peach or a cup of canned peaches to work or school for a lite snack.		* Take a peach or a cup of canned peaches to work or school for a lite snack.

-	* Include peaches in low fat ~~yogurt~~ or cottage ~~cheese~~ and put on toast.	+	* Include peaches in low fat [[Yogurt]] or cottage [[Cheese]] and put on toast.

	* Combine peaches and other fresh fruits into a fruit salad and use as a dessert or appetizer before dinner. Keep it tasty and brightly colored by adding a bit of concentrated orange juice.		* Combine peaches and other fresh fruits into a fruit salad and use as a dessert or appetizer before dinner. Keep it tasty and brightly colored by adding a bit of concentrated orange juice.
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	* Make a peach smoothie with yogurt and peaches in a blender for breakfast or a snack.		* Make a peach smoothie with yogurt and peaches in a blender for breakfast or a snack.

-	* Bake, grill, or broil and serve along with your favorite meat or ~~fish~~ dinners.	+	* Bake, grill, or broil and serve along with your favorite meat or [[Fish]] dinners.

-	* As a dessert cut it fresh and add to angel food ~~cake~~ or over lowfat frozen ~~yogurt~~	+	* As a dessert cut it fresh and add to angel food [[Cakes]] or over lowfat frozen [[Yogurt]]

	* Freeze a can of peaches in the freezer then open and blend in the blender for a great summer dessert sorbet.		* Freeze a can of peaches in the freezer then open and blend in the blender for a great summer dessert sorbet.

-	==~~See Also~~==	+	=Peach properties=
		+
		+	Peaches have cellulose, minerals (P, K, Mg, Fe), pectic substances, proteic substances, acid, [[Sugar]] and [[Water]]. Peaces are rich in vitamin C and a whole lot of other [[Vitamins]] like, vitamin B9, B2, B1, E, PP, P. Peaches are known to ease digestion by stimulating gastric secretions.
		+
		+	=Health Benefits Of Peach=
		+
		+	* The citrus peach is good for treating several health conditions. Let’s look at the several peach health benefits:
		+	* Peaches are good for treating infectious diseases and are good for lowering the [[Cholesterol]] level in the blood, preventing cardiovascular diseases, [[Anemia]] and renal diseases.
		+	* Peaches also treat rheumatic pains and abdominal colic, and peach [[Tea]] can cure convulsive cough.
		+	* Peach is good for those who are recovering from illnesses and for those who are in a state of [[Depression]]. Rich in [[Carbohydrates]] and [[Sugar]], peach is said to be a good energy-building fruit.
		+	* Since peach contains [[Phosphorous]], peaches can protect the nerve cells and is recommended to people who have neurosis.
		+	* Vitamin B1, B2 and A help to maintain the balance of the nervous system, maintain the [[Magnesium]] levels in the body, help in the synthesis of hemoglobin and strengthen the [[Immune system]].
		+	* It is believed that if you eat peaches first thing in the morning, this can help to regulate and control hepatic and intestinal functions; help in assimilation of nutrition; and, maintain the alkalinization of the blood.
		+	* Peaches are also good for those who suffer from urinary lithiasis.
		+	* Peaches are good for the skin – they regenerate skin tissue.
		+
		+	So you can not only munch a few peaches for healthier skin, but can also rub peach juice into your skin for that peaches-and-[[cream]] glow.
		+	* Peaches can destroy the extra fat layers; thus, these are recommended to those who want to lose weight.
		+	* You can either eat peach as a fruit or squeeze the juice from it. Rich in iron, peach juice is for those with [[Anemia]].
		+	* The [[Potassium]] content in peach is good for cardiac health and can treat high blood pressure.
		+	* Peach juice is said to act as a laxative and can flush out the toxins from the bladder and kidneys. It also prevents kidney stones and nephritis.
		+
		+	Since the fruit is rich in [[Iron]] and [[Potassium]], it is beneficial for pregnant women for their complete well being.
		+
		+	=Nutritional Value=
		+
		+	Given below is the amount of nutrients present in 100 gm of peaches:
		+
		+	* [[Vitamin A]] - 880 IU
		+	* Vitamin B - 02 mg
		+	* Riboflavin - 0.05 mg
		+	* Niacin - 0.9 mg
		+	* Vitamin C - 8 mg
		+	* [[Calcium]] - 8 mg
		+	* [[Iron]] - 0.6 mg
		+	* [[Phosphorus]] - 22 mg
		+	* [[Potassium]] - 310 mg
		+	* [[Fat]] - 0.1 gm
		+	* [[Carbohydrates]] - 12 gm
		+	* [[Protein]] - 0.5 gm
		+	* Dietary Fiber - 0.6 gm
		+	* [[Sugar]] - 9 gm
		+	* [[Calories]] - 46

-	~~[[Wine]]~~	+	Peaches have been found to be beneficial for individuals suffering from the following ailments:

-	[[~~Care for dryskin~~]]	+	* Acidosis
		+	* [[Anemia]]
		+	* [[Asthma]]
		+	* Bladder and Kidney Stones
		+	* Bronchitis
		+	* Constipation
		+	* Dry Cough
		+	* Gastritis
		+	* High Blood Pressure
		+	* Nephritis
		+	* Poor Digestion

File:Clingstone peach.jpg

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 11:57:12 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Clingstone peach.jpg]]"

Peach

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 11:51:28 GMT

Types of Peaches:

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 8 September 2010
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	==Non melting peaches==		==Non melting peaches==

-	[[image:non meltingpeach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Non melting peach]]	+	[[image:non meltingpeach.jpg\|left\|120px\|thumb\|Non melting peach]]

	Non-melting peaches remain firm after canning. They are selected to have Vulcan cling peach orange flesh color with no red, and a distinctive taste a little like [[Apricot]]. Most commercial canned peaches are non-melting types. Non-melting types are less subject to bruising during harvest than other peaches. All non-melting types are clingstone, meaning the flesh adheres to the pit when ripe. There are many intermediate types between melting and non-melting types. Peach breeders have been utilizing a genetic characteristic called stony hard. Fruit with a stony hard gene are very slow to soften.		Non-melting peaches remain firm after canning. They are selected to have Vulcan cling peach orange flesh color with no red, and a distinctive taste a little like [[Apricot]]. Most commercial canned peaches are non-melting types. Non-melting types are less subject to bruising during harvest than other peaches. All non-melting types are clingstone, meaning the flesh adheres to the pit when ripe. There are many intermediate types between melting and non-melting types. Peach breeders have been utilizing a genetic characteristic called stony hard. Fruit with a stony hard gene are very slow to soften.
Line 29:		Line 29:
	==Yellow fleshed peaches==		==Yellow fleshed peaches==

-	[[image:yellow peach.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yellow flesh peaches]]	+	[[image:yellow peach.jpg\|right\|120px\|thumb\|Yellow flesh peaches]]

	Most peaches in the U.S. are yellow-fleshed. They tend to have more of an acid tang than white-flesh peaches.		Most peaches in the U.S. are yellow-fleshed. They tend to have more of an acid tang than white-flesh peaches.
Line 35:		Line 35:
	==White fleshed peaches==		==White fleshed peaches==

-	[[image:White Flesh Peach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|White flesh peach]]	+	[[image:White Flesh Peach.jpg\|left\|120px\|thumb\|White flesh peach]]

	Favored in Asia and increasingly available in the U.S., white-flesh peaches are very sweet with low acidity. They also tend to have a smoother texture than yellow-fleshed peaches.		Favored in Asia and increasingly available in the U.S., white-flesh peaches are very sweet with low acidity. They also tend to have a smoother texture than yellow-fleshed peaches.
Line 41:		Line 41:
	==Peento peaches==		==Peento peaches==

-	[[image:peento peach.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Peento peach]]	+	[[image:peento peach.jpg\|right\|120px\|thumb\|Peento peach]]

	A few varieties of peaches are flat or doughnut shaped. This type is known as Pan Tao or Peen To. Peento peaches come in various colors and flavors. True doughnut peaches have the pit exposed to the outside--the pit can be pushed out without cutting the peach, leaving a doughnut-like fruit.		A few varieties of peaches are flat or doughnut shaped. This type is known as Pan Tao or Peen To. Peento peaches come in various colors and flavors. True doughnut peaches have the pit exposed to the outside--the pit can be pushed out without cutting the peach, leaving a doughnut-like fruit.
Line 47:		Line 47:
	==Clingstone==		==Clingstone==

-	[[image:clingstone peach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Clingstone peach]]	+	[[image:clingstone peach.jpg\|left\|120px\|thumb\|Clingstone peach]]

	These are so named because the flesh clings stubbornly to the stone or pit. In the Northern hemisphere, this type is the first to be harvested, ripening May through August. The flesh is yellow, with bright red touches closest to the stone. They have a soft texture, and are juicier and sweeter -- perfect for desserts. This is the preferred variety for jellies, jams, and canning. Although clingstones are tasty eaten fresh, they are seldom found in the local market. The commercial industry uses clingstones for peaches canned in various levels of syrup.		These are so named because the flesh clings stubbornly to the stone or pit. In the Northern hemisphere, this type is the first to be harvested, ripening May through August. The flesh is yellow, with bright red touches closest to the stone. They have a soft texture, and are juicier and sweeter -- perfect for desserts. This is the preferred variety for jellies, jams, and canning. Although clingstones are tasty eaten fresh, they are seldom found in the local market. The commercial industry uses clingstones for peaches canned in various levels of syrup.
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	==Freestone==		==Freestone==

-	[[image:freestone.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Freestone]]	+	[[image:freestone.jpg\|right\|120px\|thumb\|Freestone]]

	As its name implies, the stone is easily removed from this variety, making it a good choice for eating fresh. Harvest begins in late May and continues to October. This is the type most commonly found in your local grocery store. They tend to be larger than clingstones, with a firmer, less juicy texture, yet still sweet. They are excellent for canning and baking purposes.		As its name implies, the stone is easily removed from this variety, making it a good choice for eating fresh. Harvest begins in late May and continues to October. This is the type most commonly found in your local grocery store. They tend to be larger than clingstones, with a firmer, less juicy texture, yet still sweet. They are excellent for canning and baking purposes.
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	==Doughnut peaches==		==Doughnut peaches==

-	[[image:melting flesh peach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Melting flesh peaches]]	+	[[image:melting flesh peach.jpg\|left\|120px\|thumb\|Melting flesh peaches]]

	This fruit is known for its unusual shape. It is flat and hollow on the sides, does not look like other varieties. Initially flat peaches originated in China and were grown in U.S in 1800. Originally the flat varieties had no special names.		This fruit is known for its unusual shape. It is flat and hollow on the sides, does not look like other varieties. Initially flat peaches originated in China and were grown in U.S in 1800. Originally the flat varieties had no special names.

File:Freestone.jpg

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 11:45:01 GMT

uploaded "[[File:Freestone.jpg]]"

Peach

Asmithalk — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 11:40:38 GMT

Types of Peaches:

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 8 September 2010
(One intermediate revision not shown)
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	[[image:melting flesh peach.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Melting flesh peaches]]		[[image:melting flesh peach.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Melting flesh peaches]]

-	Melting flesh peaches have flesh that become soft over time when canned. They tend to have ragged edges when sliced during processing. Melting flesh types can be clingstone or freestone. (The pits of freestone peaches are easy to separate from the flesh).	+	Melting flesh peaches have flesh that become soft over time when canned. They tend to have ragged edges when sliced during processing. Melting flesh types can be clingstone or freestone. (The pits of freestone peaches are easy to separate from the flesh).

-	Non-melting peaches remain firm after canning. They are selected to have Vulcan cling ~~peachorange~~ flesh color with no red, and a distinctive taste a little like ~~apricots~~. Most commercial canned peaches are non-melting types. Non-melting types are less subject to bruising during harvest than other peaches. All non-melting types are clingstone, meaning the flesh adheres to the pit when ripe. There are many intermediate types between melting and non-melting types. Peach breeders have been utilizing a genetic characteristic called stony hard. Fruit with a stony hard gene are very slow to soften.	+	==Non melting peaches==
		+
		+	[[image:non meltingpeach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Non melting peach]]
		+
		+	Non-melting peaches remain firm after canning. They are selected to have Vulcan cling peach orange flesh color with no red, and a distinctive taste a little like [[Apricot]]. Most commercial canned peaches are non-melting types. Non-melting types are less subject to bruising during harvest than other peaches. All non-melting types are clingstone, meaning the flesh adheres to the pit when ripe. There are many intermediate types between melting and non-melting types. Peach breeders have been utilizing a genetic characteristic called stony hard. Fruit with a stony hard gene are very slow to soften.

	==Yellow fleshed peaches==		==Yellow fleshed peaches==
		+
		+	[[image:yellow peach.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Yellow flesh peaches]]

	Most peaches in the U.S. are yellow-fleshed. They tend to have more of an acid tang than white-flesh peaches.		Most peaches in the U.S. are yellow-fleshed. They tend to have more of an acid tang than white-flesh peaches.

	==White fleshed peaches==		==White fleshed peaches==
		+
		+	[[image:White Flesh Peach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|White flesh peach]]

	Favored in Asia and increasingly available in the U.S., white-flesh peaches are very sweet with low acidity. They also tend to have a smoother texture than yellow-fleshed peaches.		Favored in Asia and increasingly available in the U.S., white-flesh peaches are very sweet with low acidity. They also tend to have a smoother texture than yellow-fleshed peaches.
Line 33:		Line 41:
	==Peento peaches==		==Peento peaches==

-	A few varieties of peaches are flat or doughnut shaped. This type is known as Pan Tao or Peen To. Peento peaches come in various colors and flavors. True doughnut peaches have the pit exposed to the outside--the pit can be pushed out without cutting the peach, leaving a doughnut-like fruit.	+	[[image:peento peach.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Peento peach]]
		+
		+	A few varieties of peaches are flat or doughnut shaped. This type is known as Pan Tao or Peen To. Peento peaches come in various colors and flavors. True doughnut peaches have the pit exposed to the outside--the pit can be pushed out without cutting the peach, leaving a doughnut-like fruit.

	==Clingstone==		==Clingstone==
		+
		+	[[image:clingstone peach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Clingstone peach]]

	These are so named because the flesh clings stubbornly to the stone or pit. In the Northern hemisphere, this type is the first to be harvested, ripening May through August. The flesh is yellow, with bright red touches closest to the stone. They have a soft texture, and are juicier and sweeter -- perfect for desserts. This is the preferred variety for jellies, jams, and canning. Although clingstones are tasty eaten fresh, they are seldom found in the local market. The commercial industry uses clingstones for peaches canned in various levels of syrup.		These are so named because the flesh clings stubbornly to the stone or pit. In the Northern hemisphere, this type is the first to be harvested, ripening May through August. The flesh is yellow, with bright red touches closest to the stone. They have a soft texture, and are juicier and sweeter -- perfect for desserts. This is the preferred variety for jellies, jams, and canning. Although clingstones are tasty eaten fresh, they are seldom found in the local market. The commercial industry uses clingstones for peaches canned in various levels of syrup.

	==Freestone==		==Freestone==
		+
		+	[[image:freestone.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Freestone]]

	As its name implies, the stone is easily removed from this variety, making it a good choice for eating fresh. Harvest begins in late May and continues to October. This is the type most commonly found in your local grocery store. They tend to be larger than clingstones, with a firmer, less juicy texture, yet still sweet. They are excellent for canning and baking purposes.		As its name implies, the stone is easily removed from this variety, making it a good choice for eating fresh. Harvest begins in late May and continues to October. This is the type most commonly found in your local grocery store. They tend to be larger than clingstones, with a firmer, less juicy texture, yet still sweet. They are excellent for canning and baking purposes.

-	Semi-freestone: This newer type is a hybrid of the clingstone and freestone. It is good for general purposes, both fresh and canned.	+	'''Semi-freestone''': This newer type is a hybrid of the clingstone and freestone. It is good for general purposes, both fresh and canned.

	==Doughnut peaches==		==Doughnut peaches==
		+
		+	[[image:melting flesh peach.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Melting flesh peaches]]

	This fruit is known for its unusual shape. It is flat and hollow on the sides, does not look like other varieties. Initially flat peaches originated in China and were grown in U.S in 1800. Originally the flat varieties had no special names.		This fruit is known for its unusual shape. It is flat and hollow on the sides, does not look like other varieties. Initially flat peaches originated in China and were grown in U.S in 1800. Originally the flat varieties had no special names.

Tansy

Anushamanne — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 10:59:13 GMT

Uses:

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 8 September 2010
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	== Edible Uses ==		== Edible Uses ==

-	* Young leaflets of tansy are edible raw or cooked. They can be added in small quantities to salads. The plant is also used as a flavoring, it is a substitute for nutmeg and cinnamon. The flowers have a unique flavor and can be eaten or used as a garnish. A bitter, somewhat lemon-flavored tea is made from the leaves and flowering stems.	+	* Young leaflets of tansy are edible raw or [[cooking tips\|cooked]]. They can be added in small quantities to salads. The [[plant a tree\|plant]] is also used as a flavoring, it is a substitute for nutmeg and [[cinnamon]]. The flowers have a unique flavor and can be eaten or used as a garnish. A bitter, somewhat [[lemon]]-flavored [[tea]] is made from the leaves and flowering stems.

	== Medicinal Uses ==		== Medicinal Uses ==

-	* Tansy is a commonly grown domestic remedy, useful in treating a wide range of complaints, though it is little used in modern herbalism. Its main value is as a vermifuge to expel intestinal worms and, to a lesser degree, to help stimulate menstrual bleeding. Tansy should be used with caution, however, it is possibly unsafe for internal use, especially for pregnant women. The essential oil in the leaves is toxic and as little as ½oz can kill an adult. The leaves and flowering tops are antispasmodic, bitter, and have agents that destroy and expel worms from the intestines, that that relieve and remove gas from the digestive system, that promote or assist the flow of menstrual fluid, and are stimulant and tonic. An infusion of the leaves or whole plant is used to treat menstrual irregularities and to expel worms from the intestines, especially for children. It is also valuable in treating hysteria, kidney weaknesses, stomach problems, ~~fevers~~ and also to promote the flow of menstrual fluid. In larger doses the plant can procure an abortion, though these doses can be poisonous. Externally, tansy is used as a poultice on swellings and some eruptive skin diseases. It is also used externally to kill lice, fleas and scabies, though even external use of the plant carries the risk of toxicity. The plant is harvested as it is coming into flower and is dried for later use. The seeds are used to expel worms from the intestines.	+	* Tansy is a commonly grown domestic remedy, useful in treating a wide range of complaints, though it is little used in modern herbalism. Its main value is as a vermifuge to expel intestinal worms and, to a lesser degree, to help stimulate menstrual bleeding. Tansy should be used with caution, however, it is possibly unsafe for internal use, especially [[for pregnant women]]. The essential oil in the leaves is toxic and as little as ½oz can kill an adult. The leaves and flowering tops are antispasmodic, bitter, and have agents that destroy and expel worms from the intestines, that that relieve and remove [[gas]] from the digestive system, that promote or assist the flow of menstrual [[fluid Power\|fluid]], and are stimulant and tonic. An infusion of the leaves or whole plant is used to treat menstrual irregularities and to expel worms from the intestines, especially for [[Toothgels for children\|children]]. It is also valuable in treating hysteria, kidney weaknesses, stomach [[problems]], [[fever]]s and also to promote the flow of menstrual fluid. In larger doses the plant can procure an abortion, though these doses can be [[poisonous]]. Externally, tansy is used as a poultice on swellings and some eruptive skin diseases. It is also used externally to kill lice, fleas and scabies, though even external use of the plant carries the risk of toxicity. The plant is harvested as it is coming into flower and is dried for later use. The seeds are used to expel worms from the intestines.

	== Other Uses ==		== Other Uses ==

-	* A green dye is obtained from the young shoots. The leaves and flowers can also be used and a yellow can also be obtained. The plant is used as a strewing herb in cellars, churches etc in order to repel insects. Both the growing and the dried plant are said to repel flies, ants and fleas, especially if they are mixed with elder leaves (Sambucus spp.). The leaves and the flowering shoots contain 0.15% of an essential oil that contains camphor, borneol and thujone. Both the leaves and the oil and they have been used to kill fleas and lice. Thujone is an effective insecticide, but it is highly toxic to mammals when taken in excess. The plant is a good addition to the compost heap, being valued for its mineral content.	+	* A green dye is obtained from the young shoots. The leaves and flowers can also be used and a yellow can also be obtained. The plant is used as a strewing herb in cellars, churches etc in order to repel insects. Both the growing and the dried plant are said to repel flies, [[ants]] and fleas, especially if they are mixed with elder leaves (Sambucus spp.). The leaves and the flowering shoots contain 0.15% of an essential oil that contains camphor, borneol and thujone. Both the leaves and the oil and they have been used to kill fleas and lice. Thujone is an effective [[insecticide]], but it is highly toxic to mammals when taken in excess. The plant is a good addition to the compost heap, being valued for its mineral content.

	= Tansy oil =		= Tansy oil =

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Holek — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 10:45:08 GMT

Tansy

Anushamanne — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 10:27:41 GMT

Insecticide:

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:27, 8 September 2010
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	* Most of the [[fever]]s are actually indications of the ongoing fight between the body’s immune mechanism and infection by [[bacteria]] (like [[typhoid]], yellow fever, black fever etc.), viruses (like influenza), protozoa (like [[malaria]] and few others) and fungi. The severe our body’s reaction, the higher the body temperature. So, if infections are causes to fevers, then inhibiting these infections would be the way to reduce fevers. The Essential Oil of Tansy, being an anti bacterial, anti fungal and anti viral at the same time, assists our body counter these infection and thereby reducing body [[Temperature Regulation\|temperature]]. The anti inflammatory property of this oil adds to this [[health effects\|effect]], since inflammations also raise body temperature sometimes.		* Most of the [[fever]]s are actually indications of the ongoing fight between the body’s immune mechanism and infection by [[bacteria]] (like [[typhoid]], yellow fever, black fever etc.), viruses (like influenza), protozoa (like [[malaria]] and few others) and fungi. The severe our body’s reaction, the higher the body temperature. So, if infections are causes to fevers, then inhibiting these infections would be the way to reduce fevers. The Essential Oil of Tansy, being an anti bacterial, anti fungal and anti viral at the same time, assists our body counter these infection and thereby reducing body [[Temperature Regulation\|temperature]]. The anti inflammatory property of this oil adds to this [[health effects\|effect]], since inflammations also raise body temperature sometimes.
	[[image:Tansy_oil.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Tansy oil\|190px]]		[[image:Tansy_oil.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Tansy oil\|190px]]
-	== I[[~~nsecticide~~]] ==	+	== [[Insecticide]] ==

	* Insects like cockroaches, [[ants]], [[termites]], moths etc. which are very commonly found in our households and parasitic insects like mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, [[head lice\|lice]] and bed bugs, prefer to keep a safe distance from this oil as it is [[poisonous]] to them and has a pungent [[aromatherapy\|aroma]] which they cannot withstand. So, this oil serves as an effective insect repellant when used in fumigants, vapourizers and sprays. Even smaller animals like wall [[lizards]], mice etc. avoid this oil.		* Insects like cockroaches, [[ants]], [[termites]], moths etc. which are very commonly found in our households and parasitic insects like mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, [[head lice\|lice]] and bed bugs, prefer to keep a safe distance from this oil as it is [[poisonous]] to them and has a pungent [[aromatherapy\|aroma]] which they cannot withstand. So, this oil serves as an effective insect repellant when used in fumigants, vapourizers and sprays. Even smaller animals like wall [[lizards]], mice etc. avoid this oil.

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Tansy

Anushamanne — Wed, 08 Sep 2010 10:25:52 GMT

Tansy oil:

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 8 September 2010
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	= Tansy oil =		= Tansy oil =

-	* The health benefits of Tansy Essential Oil can be attributed to its properties like anti bacterial, anti fungal, anti inflammatory, anti histaminic, anti viral, febrifuge, insecticide, hormone stimulant, sedative and vermifuge.	+	* The [[health tips\|health]] benefits of Tansy Essential Oil can be attributed to its properties like anti [[bacteria\|bacterial]], anti [[fungus\|fungal]], anti inflammatory, anti histaminic, anti viral, febrifuge, insecticide, hormone stimulant, sedative and vermifuge.

-	* Tansy is a common European herb and the scientific name of Tansy is Tanacetum Vulgare or Tanacetum Annuum. The essential oil of Tansy is extracted by steam distillation of all the plant parts. The chief components which form this essential oil are artemisone, borneol, camphone, camphor, isopinocamphone, piperitone and thujone. Although this herb is very poisonous, still it was popular among the poor people, villagers and nomadic groups like Gypsies as they found some medicinal uses of this plant.	+	* Tansy is a common European herb and the scientific name of Tansy is Tanacetum Vulgare or Tanacetum Annuum. The essential oil of Tansy is extracted by steam distillation of all the [[plant a tree\|plant]] parts. The chief components which form this essential oil are artemisone, borneol, camphone, camphor, isopinocamphone, piperitone and thujone. Although this herb is very [[poisonous]], still it was popular among the poor [[people]], villagers and nomadic groups like Gypsies as they found some medicinal uses of this plant.

-	Let us find out the medicinal properties which gave this plant recognition as a medicinal plant, despite being so ~~poisonous~~.	+	Let us find out the medicinal properties which gave this plant recognition as a medicinal plant, despite being so [[poison]]ous.
	[[image:Tansy_flowers.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Tansy Flowers\|190px]]		[[image:Tansy_flowers.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Tansy Flowers\|190px]]
	== Anti Bacterial ==		== Anti Bacterial ==

-	* This should not be very hard to understand that the essential oil, which is so poisonous and can be fatal to humans, will be deadly for those tiny bacteria. Although some bacteria can survive unimaginably extremities of temperature and toxins, still for most of the bacteria which abode human body, this oil is lethal. It kills them and inhibits their multiplication. This gives an effective protection against bacterial infections, provided that it is taken in very-very mild doses.	+	* This should not be very hard to understand that the essential oil, which is so poisonous and can be fatal to humans, will be deadly for those tiny [[bacteria]]. Although some bacteria can survive unimaginably extremities of [[high temperature\|temperature]] and toxins, still for most of the bacteria which abode human body, this oil is lethal. It kills them and inhibits their multiplication. This gives an effective protection against bacterial infections, provided that it is taken in very-very mild doses.

	== Anti Fungal ==		== Anti Fungal ==

-	* There is little doubt that the oil which can kill some very adamant and hardy species of bacteria infecting the human body will be harsh on the fungus too. Fungus too, cannot stand the toxicity of this oil and are killed when subjected to this oil. Their spores are also destroyed. This makes this oil efficient protector against the fungal infections which cause skin diseases, running ears, hair problems, dysentery etc.	+	* There is little doubt that the oil which can kill some very adamant and hardy species of bacteria infecting the human body will be harsh on the [[fungus]] too. Fungus too, cannot stand the toxicity of this oil and are killed when subjected to this oil. Their spores are also destroyed. This makes this oil efficient protector against the fungal infections which cause [[skin care\|skin]] diseases, running ears, [[hair care\|hair]] [[problems]], dysentery etc.

	== Anti Inflammatory ==		== Anti Inflammatory ==

-	* The Essential Oil of Tansy has been found effective in giving relief from inflammations, particularly those pertaining to skin, and others too. It also gives relief to some extent from inflammations in the respiratory system, digestive system and nervous system.	+	* The Essential Oil of Tansy has been found effective in giving relief from inflammations, particularly those pertaining to [[facial skincare\|skin]], and others too. It also gives relief to some extent from inflammations in the respiratory system, digestive system and nervous system.

	== Anti Histaminic ==		== Anti Histaminic ==

-	* Histamine in the body is responsible for triggering off allergies and the various problems related to allergies, such as rashes, itches, severe coughs, asthma, breathing troubles, continuous sneezes or hiccups etc. Allergy can turn seriously fatal if it takes over the internal organs, particularly liver and heart. These attacks of allergies can be countered by lowering the level of histamine in the body and checking its production. The Tansy Essential Oil neutralizes histamine and checks its further production, thereby controlling these allergies.	+	* Histamine in the body is responsible for triggering off allergies and the various problems related to allergies, such as rashes, itches, severe coughs, [[asthma]], breathing troubles, continuous sneezes or hiccups etc. [[Allergy tips\|Allergy]] can turn seriously fatal if it takes over the internal [[donate your organs\|organs]], particularly liver and heart. These attacks of [[Allergy treatments\|allergies]] can be countered by lowering the level of histamine in the [[body scrub\|body]] and checking its production. The Tansy Essential Oil neutralizes histamine and checks its further production, thereby controlling these allergies.

	== Anti Viral ==		== Anti Viral ==

-	* The components like thujone and camphor, being toxic to living cells, are capable of killing viruses too. These components rupture the cyst, probe inside it and kill the virus. This stops growth of virus and gives immunity against viral diseases like common cold, mumps, measles and pox.	+	* The components like thujone and camphor, being toxic to living cells, are capable of killing viruses too. These components rupture the cyst, probe inside it and kill the virus. This stops growth of virus and gives immunity against viral diseases like common [[cooling tips\|cold]], mumps, measles and pox.

	== Febrifuge ==		== Febrifuge ==

-	* Most of the ~~fevers~~ are actually indications of the ongoing fight between the body’s immune mechanism and infection by bacteria (like typhoid, yellow fever, black fever etc.), viruses (like influenza), protozoa (like malaria and few others) and fungi. The severe our body’s reaction, the higher the body temperature. So, if infections are causes to fevers, then inhibiting these infections would be the way to reduce fevers. The Essential Oil of Tansy, being an anti bacterial, anti fungal and anti viral at the same time, assists our body counter these infection and thereby reducing body temperature. The anti inflammatory property of this oil adds to this effect, since inflammations also raise body temperature sometimes.	+	* Most of the [[fever]]s are actually indications of the ongoing fight between the body’s immune mechanism and infection by [[bacteria]] (like [[typhoid]], yellow fever, black fever etc.), viruses (like influenza), protozoa (like [[malaria]] and few others) and fungi. The severe our body’s reaction, the higher the body temperature. So, if infections are causes to fevers, then inhibiting these infections would be the way to reduce fevers. The Essential Oil of Tansy, being an anti bacterial, anti fungal and anti viral at the same time, assists our body counter these infection and thereby reducing body [[Temperature Regulation\|temperature]]. The anti inflammatory property of this oil adds to this [[health effects\|effect]], since inflammations also raise body temperature sometimes.
	[[image:Tansy_oil.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Tansy oil\|190px]]		[[image:Tansy_oil.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Tansy oil\|190px]]
-	== ~~Insecticide~~ ==	+	== I[[nsecticide]] ==

-	* Insects like cockroaches, ants, termites, moths etc. which are very commonly found in our households and parasitic insects like mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, lice and bed bugs, prefer to keep a safe distance from this oil as it is poisonous to them and has a pungent aroma which they cannot withstand. So, this oil serves as an effective insect repellant when used in fumigants, vapourizers and sprays. Even smaller animals like wall lizards, mice etc. avoid this oil.	+	* Insects like cockroaches, [[ants]], [[termites]], moths etc. which are very commonly found in our households and parasitic insects like mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, [[head lice\|lice]] and bed bugs, prefer to keep a safe distance from this oil as it is [[poisonous]] to them and has a pungent [[aromatherapy\|aroma]] which they cannot withstand. So, this oil serves as an effective insect repellant when used in fumigants, vapourizers and sprays. Even smaller animals like wall [[lizards]], mice etc. avoid this oil.

	== Hormone Stimulant ==		== Hormone Stimulant ==

-	* Tansy Oil stimulates the endocrinal glands and increases secretion of hormones. It was found particularly effective on the thyroid and thymus glands, which directly affects growth and maturity.	+	* Tansy Oil stimulates the endocrinal [[Sebaceous glands\|glands]] and increases secretion of hormones. It was found particularly effective on the thyroid and thymus glands, which directly affects growth and maturity.

	== Sedative ==		== Sedative ==

-	* This oil acts as a sedative for nerves and emotional impulses. In cases like anxiety, depression, anger, convulsions, nervous afflictions, epileptic and hysteric attacks, impulsive behaviour etc., it can be used to pacify them and induce a relaxing effect on the nerves and brain.	+	* This oil acts as a sedative for nerves and emotional impulses. In cases like anxiety, [[depression]], anger, convulsions, nervous afflictions, epileptic and hysteric attacks, impulsive behaviour etc., it can be used to pacify them and induce a relaxing effect on the nerves and brain.

	== Vermifuge ==		== Vermifuge ==

-	* The poisonous effect oil kills the intestinal and other parasitic worms in the human body, such as round worms, tape worms, hook worms and others. It is also used to kill worms in the wounds. This helps in the growth and quicker healing of wounds.	+	* The poisonous effect oil kills the intestinal and other parasitic worms in the human [[Healthy body tips\|body]], such as round worms, tape worms, hook worms and others. It is also used to kill worms in the wounds. This helps in the growth and quicker healing of wounds.

	== Other Benefits ==		== Other Benefits ==

-	* It is also used to treat sciatica, dyspepsia, skin infections etc. and miscarriages.	+	* It is also used to treat sciatica, dyspepsia, [[Dry Lips And Skin\|skin]] infections etc. and miscarriages.

	== Few Words of Caution ==		== Few Words of Caution ==

-	* Tansy oil is a potent poison due to presence of high concentration of thujone and even small doses can be fatal. It can also trigger on hallucinations and severe nervous & neurotic disturbances and have narcotic effects.	+	* Tansy oil is a potent [[poison]] due to presence of high concentration of thujone and even small doses can be fatal. It can also trigger on hallucinations and severe nervous & neurotic disturbances and have narcotic effects.

	== Blending ==		== Blending ==

-	* The Essential Oil of Tansy blends well with those of cedar wood, helichrysum, lavender, ravensara and rosemary.	+	* The Essential Oil of Tansy blends well with those of [[cedar]] wood, [[helichrysum]], [[lavender]], ravensara and [[rosemary]].

	= Tansy Tea =		= Tansy Tea =

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